Inter isn't fucked. We can't make expensive January buys (and even if we could, we cannot include them to CL list for the playoffs if we qualify because of squad registration restriction for this season) but noone will stop any buys starting from July. This season we are fully equipped (even with injury-prone fullbacks) to fight for top-4 spot, we are weaker than Juve and maybe Napoli but stronger than any other contenders. Barring multiple ACL injuries this squad depth is enough to be 3rd or 4th in the end. Asamoah and Dumbo were under pressure because of CL matches, if we qualify to the playoffs next match will be only in the end of February. So technically there isn't a dire need for January reinforcements.
As for exercising loan purchase options this is an unknown matter, we probably will know later on what's our sales/purchases and what's the leeway UEFA auditors give to us. It will be only Politano and Vrsaljko and technically it won't be a problem but after Cancelo incident who knows what can happen. We here can only speculate and wait for information from Italian media.
Other loan+purchase options have already been exercised this season (Paco Alcacer from Barca to Borussia and Andre Silva from Milan to Sevilla will follow soon). If we weren't under strict observation from UEFA we would have probably already bought Vrsaljko and Politano from their respective clubs. Since this is last year of Settlement Agreement Inter tries to be a good kid in the class and doesn't want to break any rules so must wait before buying out those players. Unfortunately (at least what I now understand) under Settlement Agreement we can't fully use our revenue streams to justify our player purchases. It always should be capital gains from players sales which allow us to buy someone. Hence that's why we've sold so many of our youth to compensate for our purchases. Simply getting more lucrative sponsor deals from China wouldn't help in that case. That's why I am a bit worried about our loanees' future.
Next July this thread would be browsed occasionally unlike these dire years as Inter will come back and compete with European powerhouses for best players.